Can you create multiple layouts within one theme?

Hi,

I was wondering whether it is possible to create multiple page layouts within one theme? So for example, if you had a travel site and wanted a different layout for each continent. Is this possible?

I’m a beginner to creating themes and just started learning the basics. I get that you can have a different layout for post.php and page.php but can you add more for example, africa.php & europe.php. If so, how would you link to that specific continent?

Thanks