Adding date and comment data below title

Look at the WordPress Default theme’s wp-content/themes/default/index.php and how it utilizes the template tag, the_time(), and comments_popup_link.

Related:
Stepping Into Template Tags
Stepping Into Templates
Template Hierarchy

Ha, strangely all that is included in the default index.php file on my server is:

<?php
/**
 * @package WordPress
 * @subpackage Default_Theme
 */

get_header(); ?>

	<div id="content" class="narrowcolumn" role="main">

	<?php if (have_posts()) : ?>

		<?php while (have_posts()) : the_post(); ?>

			<div <?php post_class() ?> id="post-<?php the_ID(); ?>">
				<h2><a href="<?php the_permalink() ?>" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to <?php the_title_attribute(); ?>"><?php the_title(); ?></a></h2>
				<small><?php the_time('F jS, Y') ?> <!-- by <?php the_author() ?> --></small>

				<div class="entry">
					<?php the_content('Read the rest of this entry &raquo;'); ?>
				</div>

				<p class="postmetadata"><?php the_tags('Tags: ', ', ', '<br />'); ?> Posted in <?php the_category(', ') ?> | <?php edit_post_link('Edit', '', ' | '); ?>  <?php comments_popup_link('No Comments »', '1 Comment »', '% Comments »'); ?></p>
			</div>

		<?php endwhile; ?>

		<div class="navigation">
			<div class="alignleft"><?php next_posts_link('&laquo; Older Entries') ?></div>
			<div class="alignright"><?php previous_posts_link('Newer Entries &raquo;') ?></div>
		</div>

	<?php else : ?>

		<h2 class="center">Not Found</h2>
		<p class="center">Sorry, but you are looking for something that isn't here.</p>
		<?php get_search_form(); ?>

	<?php endif; ?>

	</div>

<?php get_sidebar(); ?>

<?php get_footer(); ?>

No mention of template tag or date to be found.

I found the comment tag, however.

<?php comments_popup_link('No Comments »', '1 Comment »', '% Comments »'); ?></p>

How exactly would I know where to place this in my templates index.php file? Guess and check?

When you visit Administration > Appearance > Themes, what is the name of the theme you are using? It will also tell you All of this theme’s files are located in /themes/xxxxxxx where xxxxxx is the folder name for that theme.

Sure, I know my theme. I mean’t more where do I input the code in order to get it to appear where I’d like it to beneath the border of my title?

After something like:
<p><a href="<?php the_permalink() ?>" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to <?php the_title_attribute(); ?>"><?php the_title(); ?></a></p>

Okay well, I got it up there, but how do I get it aligned correctly? I’m guessing through CSS, but how do I get CSS to distinguish between the comments at the top vs the bottom?

Also, I could use some help getting the date up there with the right mm/dd/yyyy format.