First, make sure the posts don’t have gallery post format assigned, AND then decide if you want to keep using the read more tag for all of your post. If so, use the read more tag to make the cut.
If you don’t want to use read more tag, then there are things to do.
Make a child theme and override loop.php
changing this line
https://themes.trac.www.ads-software.com/browser/twentyten/1.6/loop.php#L136
to this
<?php if ( is_archive() || is_search() || is_home() ) : ?>
To avoid making a child theme, you could instead install a Custom CSS plugin
https://www.ads-software.com/plugins/search.php?q=custom+css
and use this code to display none the images on archive and home.
/*
--------Hide images on archive------- */
.format-gallery .gallery-thumb,
.category-gallery .gallery-thumb,
.home.blog #content .gallery,
.home.blog #content img,
.archive #content .gallery,
.archive #content img,
.search #content .gallery,
.search #content img {
display: none;
}
It does the job but not as clean, images not visible but still be there in the markup.