Pictures and photos overall

yes, correct. You upload an image when you write/edit a post or Page.
This way, first of all, an image is associated with the post or Page.
Second, no need to open yet another program, upload, find out the link to the image, then paste that link manually into some kind of box.

Keep track … not really, not with the WP media manager.
But … why do you need to “keep track”?
If you repeatedly use a certain image you might want to think about adapting your theme.

What I mean is;

if I want to upload different cathegories of photos to my server and make galleries, how can I do this. I want to have them in folders on the server.
In the upload from pc and gallery in the dashboard everything are just listed with just the possibility the sort by date?

And how is it that the gallery option is there just sometimes?

This must be something more of you are wondering about? Somebody have an easy sotution?

Why do you care, where the server stores the images?
It is important that the end result is categorized, right? You want the user to see “family fotos” and “event fotos” and “funny fotos” etc.
So just ignore where WordPress stores the files you upload and concentrate on the display of the images.

You might want to look into plugins that display images associated to posts. Search for “post image”. Or download my plugin called EasyPermGals. What this does is show a gallery of images that are uploaded to the post. All you need to do is create a post, then upload the images. No need to manually insert it into the post, no need to actually care, where the images are stored.
It’s important to realize this fact: upload an image into a Post, and it is associated with that post. So, if you call your post “holiday fotos”, you basically have a “category” that you can show your fotos in.

Otherwise you might want to check out “big” gallery plugins.
But I think that is unnecessary, I like to keep things running on the “basics” of a site, and that is, in the case of WP, posts and image uploads.

Thanks for the answer. i guess I`m thinking the “old” way of making webpages..