Do I need to add “tags”?
Not unless you want to use them.
How do I do that?
See Writing_Posts.
The “sign me up” is to receive my blog articles as I post them.
Anyone can add your RSS feed to their news reader. If you want email updates sent out, then I’d suggest setting up a Feedburner account and using a Feedburner plugin.
I’d like to add a picture in my blog artice
See Using_Images. The Codex generally should have the answers to most of your questions.
as well as post a picture of myself on the blog itself.
If your theme does not offer a pre-built option to do this, then you may need to carry out some theme customisation. Or publish an image in a text widget on your sidebar.