Hi there,
I just tested a post on my end and the image showed successfully.
I also debugged your site and everything came out clear.
I see that you have quite a few plugins activated. I want to see you can try temporarily disabling all of your plugins (leaving Jetpack active), and if the your images successfully appear after posting, then we can most likely determine there is a plugin conflict.
To figure out which plugin is causing the issue, reactivate each plugin one at a time, and try to reproduce the error after each one that you activate. If you experience the problem after activating a particular plugin, you’ve likely found the culprit. I would try to find a replacement for that plugin, and hopefully, that will solve things for you.
Hopefully this helps!
