Basics of making a Gutenberg block?

I’m trying to wrap my head around how to create/modify Gutenberg blocks.

I generated the boilerplate code and I have a working “Hello World” type of block, but I’m hoping somebody can give me the high level understanding of what parts of the code I need to modify to 1) change/add the options/parameters the user will select in the block editor, and 2) the parts of the code that control the actual output….