Can I control the layout and format of post data?

Here is what I’d like to do and I’d love if someone could tell me how to do it—if possible, of course.

WHAT I HAVE DONE :

1. Created a query to show all posts dated in the future
2. Here is a shot of what it looks like : https://aethon.net/query1.png

WHAT I WANT TO DO :

1. I’d like to add a custom field for some posts that deal with seminars that last 2 or more days
2. I’d like to be able to display date info in french, but if I use a custom field then I can display that info and have it sort by the hidden default post_date
3. I’d like to be able to move things around—ie, maybe put the featured image as a background-image with the date over it. Can I somehow enter in my own template as a layout that I can then enter in place-holders for the info?

Thanks for all your help

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