Category list with thumbnails and info

My WordPress website basically has a blog, but it also has other sections (listed under different categories) that are meant to showcase my designs. I was wondering how I would make the category list at a page like https://domain.com/category/designs/ display a list of the posts with certain information. For example, each post would be a box that would have a thumbnail, the title of the post, the category of the designs (there are subcategories under designs), and a “Read more” link.

Is there a way that I could assign a thumbnail to each post (is there any plugin?) and then I could move where to display this thumbnail in the loop of the category page? Am I being clear enough?