I see it the other way around. WordPress immediately transfers emails to be sent to the relevant services, which then actually send the email. There is no mechanism in WordPress that delays this. You can easily understand this if you use a mail logging plugin to see what is sent out by WordPress. Such a logging also contains the exact time of delivery to the responsible mail service (which is not WordPress but your hosting or an SMTP server, depending on what you have configured).
The receiving email server then uses various anti-spam mechanisms that can actually delay email receipt. In the past, for example, so-called greylisting was often used, which could sometimes lead to a delay in delivery of up to an hour. As far as I know, the Gmail you mentioned no longer uses this, but they have other anti-spam techniques that could also cause such delays.
My recommendation would therefore be to continue using the SMTP plugin mentioned above. If you enter Gmail as the sending server there, you bypass all the anti-spam techniques and the e-mail should also arrive promptly.
I would also like to add that email is not and never has been a real-time communication. There are always delays, although it is quite unusual for them to be 30 minutes or more these days.