I could be wrong, but I don’t think there’s an acceptable variation field to manage if a term includes a link or not. You could always develop your own custom block ?? (or shortcode)
The only other option I see is to use the "term_links-{$taxonomy}"
PHP filter to strip out the anchor tags from the list. The trouble with this is it’ll apply to all instances of that taxonomy’s get_the_term_list() calls, unless you can somehow differentiate your block’s usage from all others. Sometimes there’s a unique set of attributes that would distinguish your block’s usage.