Edit page with shortcode that uses wp_enqueue_script

My plugin converts a shortcode to some HTML code and links a JavaScript file. Simplified code:

	add_shortcode('xxx', 'xxx_handler');
	function xxx_handler($atts) {
		wp_enqueue_script('xxx-script', 'xxx', $deps, NULL, true);
		return '<div id="xxx" />';
	}

The script uses getElementById(‘xxx’) to find the <div> and then performs some actions on it. This works fine in WP4 and in the WP5 front-end, but when editing a page with this shortcode in the WP5 back-end, the script alerts that it cannot find the <div>. It looks like the Gutenberg editor treats the editor as a front-end (causing the enqueued script to be run, in the footer), but does not render the shortcode itself???

My questions are:

1. Am I doing something wrong in my shortcode handler?
2. If not, is it a bug in Guttenberg?
3. Can I do something to prevent this from happening?

P.S. I do not want to convert the shortcode to a Gutenberg Block (yet), because I already have a web page that generates the shortcode which can be used in WordPress and Joomla.

P.P.S. The current version of my plugin does not yet use the wp_enqueue_script but includes a <script> tag in the return statement, which does not cause any problems in WP5. But I need to use wp_enqueue_script to indicate an optional jQuery dependency.