Depending on what type of file you’re trying to upload, you may have stumbled upon a known issue that was introduced with WordPress 4.7:
The mime-checking algorithm was improved, but an unwanted side-effect was that other media types than image files fail to be uploaded.
A patch has already been committed to the development branch of WordPress, so this can be expected to start working again when WordPress 4.7.3 is rolled out.
In the meantime, there’s a plugin with a temporary workaround. That plugin should be removed once your site updates to 3.7.3.
More info here:
https://www.ads-software.com/support/topic/read-this-first-wordpress-4-7-master-list/#post-8521428