The only thing, I have to set my image every time I post and it used to be done automatically.
That’s indeed how WordPress works. Featured Images cannot be added automattically, you will need to define them for each post.
However, you do not need to use Featured Images. If you insert an image in your post, and if that image is large enough, Facebook will use it in the preview.
Also, the image is showing up as a huge picture on my site now before the blogpost.
Twenty Twelve does indeed display the Featured Image before the post content, on the home page. You can remove it in your child theme, or hide it by adding the following CSS code to your theme stylesheet or to your custom CSS editor under Appearance > Edit CSS in your dashboard:
.home .entry-header img {
display:none;
}
P.S.: I would strongly suggest that you disable the autoplay on the audio player in your sidebar. Many of your site visitors may go away from your site as soon as it starts playing music without any warning.