I just now, finally, got a response from the Genesis folks. Apparently the “Header Image” is supposed to be a small logo and not span the page. Why someone would want a small logo in the middle of the page makes no sense to me. Here, FYI, is what Genesis support wrote me. The instructions about the theme doesn’t have this.
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The header image is intended for displaying a small logo on the top of your site and not a full width image.
And although the upload size of the image is 600×160 pixels, the display size is 300×80 pixels. The upload size is 2x as large as the display size so that the image will appear crisp on a retina screen.
You can read more about it here: https://my.studiopress.com/documentation/genesis-sample-theme/customize-your-settings/header-image/
If you’d like to use a full width image in the site header, you’ll need to make several edits to the theme’s style.css file.
Unfortunately, we don’t have copy/paste code to provide you for this, as it is custom code that would need to be written and tested specifically for your site. Also, we generally do not give step by step instructions for theme customizations such as this: https://www.studiopress.com/what-support-includes.
However, I did find this tutorial that was written by a member of the Genesis community that might help you get started: https://wpbeaches.com/add-full-width-responsive-header-image/
You may want to post a thread in our Community Forums. It’s possible that another user has done something similar and would be willing to share their code with you: https://studiopress.com/forums
You could also check out the other community resources such as the Slack channel and Facebook group: https://my.studiopress.com/community/
If you wish to have someone assist you with the change, we have a list of recommended Genesis developers – just visit https://www.studiopress.com/genesis-developers for a list.
Please let us know if you have further questions and we will be happy to assist you.