Hide HTML in Product Title

That parts should be generated by WooCommerce. I’m surprised to see that you see the actual HTML in your case.
Are you using a custom theme? Can you try a different theme to see if it makes a difference?

I’m on Storefront.

If you wish to check, you can add this pair of products to the cart:

https://www.shop.handmadehome.me/product/poster-copy/

https://www.shop.handmadehome.me/product/mad-tea-party-crystallized-glow-in-the-dark-sculpture/

The issue is caused by HTML tags present in the name of the product. Apparently, it is not expected that you will do it.

WooCommerce cart-shipping.php template have the following code:

<?php if ( $show_package_details ) : ?>
    <?php echo '<p class="woocommerce-shipping-contents"><small>' . esc_html( $package_details ) . '</small></p>'; ?>
<?php endif; ?>

which is escaping the names of the products.

As a solution, we will suggest removing HTML tags from the names of the products.

Is removing html tags the only way? I wouldn’t like to remove them. That will make titles looking messy…

You can override woocommerce template we have mentioned above, but it it is outside of the scope of the support we can provide.