How to create a blurb page

I’d like to make a Page that (using the Exec-PHP plugin) invokes a user function in the themes/functions.php file. This function would loop through existing Posts and displays a series of “blurbs.” The blurbs have a thumbnail image, the Post Title and a teaser of text from the post.

Not being too familiar with the WordPress codex and all its functions, I wonder if there is already such a beast, so I don’t have to reinvent the wheel. If not, are there some wp functions or methods that would help make this easier?

Thanks!