How to hack the term (category) URL link?

An easy question: Can I hack the output of category anchor links in this way:

From the original style:

to this one:
…

I don’t want to save any extra data in my category slug field (since it’s sync from another self-made CMS and the category name’s changing all the time, but there is some unique ID there in my CMS, like c14, c132 …)

But I don’t want to change the db structure of my wordpress system.

Any hacking tips? Thanks in advance!