No, there is no WordPress filter that will rename php functions. The only functions that you can modify via plugins are the pluggable functions (and even those you can’t rename–that’s kinda what makes them pluggable).
If you explain exactly what you’re trying to do and why, we might be able to come up with an acceptable solution. My best guess is that you’re trying to declare your own function called make_clickable(), and you’re getting an error because it’s already defined. In which case, you can just use a different name for your function and problem solved.
If for some strange reason you need to call the make_clickable() function but want to call it using a different name, you can just wrap it in your own function:
function my_function_name($ret) {
return make_clickable($ret); // Call the real fucntion, return the results
}
If neither of those help, you’ll have to provide more info.