How to use schema.org without plugins?

Hello!
I’m developing a new project and have been studying schema.org and open graphs.

Problem is: I don’t know much PHP. I know the basicly to optimize a theme (so it become faster and better SEO), but that is about it…

Could anyone help me with conditional tags so i can use schema.org on the head section of my blog?
Something like
[code]<meta itemprop="name" content="if is front page = blog name, if is single page = name of post, if is page = name of page" />[/code]
[code]<meta itemprop="image" content="if is single page = featured image, else = default image" />[/code]

And so on. Could anyone help me with it? I don’t understand much php and i really want to hard code it instead of using plugins :/