Hi there,
I see the plugin is adding an image to your RSS feed… and I also see another image in the body at the top, so technically, you may not need the plugin if those images are showing ok.
I also see images in Feedly:
https://feedly.com/i/discover/sources/search/https%3A%2F%2Fwww.melissassouthernstylekitchen.com%2F
However for Feedburner, they do cache the feed, so it may be that the cache needs to be flushed out.
Try these steps to clear the Feedburner cache:
1. Login to your Feedburner account
2. Across the top tabs, click on Troubleshootize
3. Click “Resync Now” near the end of the page
Resync now should completely clear the cached version and refreshes its content from your raw feed, including new image code that has been added.
However, yesterday’s post should have also pulled in images, so it may be that Feedburner is not liking the responsive images, or the duplicate images are causing issues, or some other unknown issue, the resync may show Feedburner error messages that might help troubleshoot further.
Let me know if that helps or shows additional messages we can use to dig deeper?
Rob