Inconsistent visual bugs on various browsers

I have been running into user reports of display errors on our website. When trying to recreate the issues, I have been largely unsuccessful, with one exception.

Devices/Browsers:

• Windows 11 Laptop, Google Chrome Version 120.0.6099.217
  Unable to recreate issue
• Windows 11 Laptop, Firefox 121.0.1
  Unable to recreate issue
• Android 14, Galaxy S23 Ultra & Pixel 8 Pro, Chrome Beta 121.0.6167.57
  Unable to recreate issue
• Android 14, Galaxy S23 Ultra & Pixel 8 Pro, Chrome 120.0.6099.210
  Unable to recreate issue
• Android 14, Galaxy S23 Ultra & Pixel 8 Pro, Firefox 121.1.0
  Unable to recreate issue
• iOS 17.1.1, iPhone 11, Safari (version unknown)
  Issue recreated

Reports of issues from end users have varied devices, but I don’t have detailed information besides 1 Android Chrome user, 1 Windows 11 Chrome user.

Working (Pixel 8 Pro, Chrome):

Error (iOS)

Any suggestions would be appreciated. Considering I can only get the iOS version to fail, and I don’t have access to a Mac, I don’t have an easy way of debugging there, and since I am not experiencing issues on the platforms I can debug, it doesn’t help.

The page I need help with: [log in to see the link]