Is there a plugin to easily add custom data to posts and let site viewers search

There have been many times in creating a site or service that I wanted to add some specific extra data to posts, and then make it easy for users of the website to see a form where they could click some options to view the sites best matching those posts.
I know this could be done by laboriously custom-coding each solution in PHP for every website, but it seems like a common task that a flexible plugin should easily resolve. Add some data: pick from a list, select multiple items from a list, enter a number (with a minimum and maximum value), yes/no (checkbox), that kind of thing. Then all those options are presented in a search form. The same form fields would be present when editing the post.
How could this be used? Examples would be to find properties by number of bedrooms or zip code or price range; dogs by breed or size category; life coaches by specialty or location or remote vs in person work; buildings with office space for rent by square footage or whether they are non-profit friendly… the list could go on and on. The tasks are all very similar, only the details of the custom data differ.