Password protected forms with child databases

Hoping someone can help! My company runs three different divisions but each division has the same basic set up. We are a service based company and we want to put our ,employee filled out, prospect forms on our website behind a password protected gateway. After logged in they would be able to choose the form that corresponds to the department they are in, fill it out, and then store a record of this lead in a database of sorts.

From the database they could then click on the record and open the results of the form fill, add notes, upload estimate docs (word or excel) and disposition the record (i.e. pending, awarded, in progress, etc.)

I used to work at a custom design firm and I know we built things like this but I was simply a project manager. I am not a programmer or a designer but I have found decent success with my problems via plugins. Is there plugin out there that has similar capabilities or a combination of plugins that could accomplish something like this?