Post formats like Twenty Twelve Possible?

I am long time user of Twenty Twelve theme and recently switched to Twenty Twenty Four and I am loving it so far. One thing I really miss from my previous theme is the ability to set the post format “image” and have it displayed on the main blog page. Here’s a link to what I mean. Under blog, there’s a post with an image of a Tree.

Currently, my blog is configured to display a featured image, which is my preference. However, there are times when I post a simple image and would like to have this option as well. It seems that with a block theme, it’s either one or the other. In other words, I can configure the blog template to work like the image format of Twenty Twelve, but then I lose the ability to display a featured image.

I hope the above makes sense.

Do you have any suggestions?

The page I need help with: [log in to see the link]