This problem only occurs on SOME updates to 1.9.2 but NOT to all of them.
I have about 6 sites on Graphene. I updated 4 of them to 1.9.2, and one of them ended up with this broken stylesheet problem.
I read about the various fixes, including using FTP, but chose my own easier option first.
I went to APPEARANCE >> THEMES
WordPress gave a message saying my theme was broken and switched to me the default one.
In the Manage Themes section I then deleted the Graphene theme, using the delete option, but did NOT delete my child theme.
In the Install Themes section, (2nd tab at top) I then did a new install of the Graphene theme.
On completion of that, I activated the new Graphene install, and checked that it was OK.
It was, so I then activated my graphene child theme, and everything was back the way it was before.