Hi @bazwo,
It seems you have Maths Captcha enabled.
We do have a daily cron event which is supposed to delete this maths captcha related info string.
The screen shot you have sent has timestamp = 1726663236 ( Wednesday, September 18, 2024 12:40:36 PM)
So if cronjobs is running it should delete those daily. It has been 15 GB of database so I consider either your site have DDos attack, you check log an if any server IP keep getting many requests you should block it.
If you can access the database with any sql client like phpMyAdmin etc and run this query it will delete all the captcha related records if you do not want recent maths captcha string information removed you may check the table and use the and option_id < {optionid}
like condition where {optionid} will be 1 hr before setting captcha string option_id.
DELETE FROM
wp_options
WHERE option_name LIKE 'aiowps_captcha_string_info_%'
Do you have hosting on shared server or a dedicated server? You should contact the hosting provider once for the issue of might be a DDos attack. You shouldcross-checkk access logs of your sites.
Once this records are deleted you may cross check the daily cron job running and removing these captcha options or not. You use WP Crontrol Plugin and run AIOS daily cron job to check if it cronjob works or not.
If still the DDos attacks are there which keep increasing DB instead of Maths captcha use Google reCaptcha v2 or Cloudflare Turnstile Captcha as possible options.
Regards