"Saved Card" Selected at Checkout Breaks "Continue to Payment" Button

When the “Saved Card” (“Visa ending in…” etc) is selected, which it is by default if you’ve used a card to checkout before, the “continue to payment” button does nothing when clicked and it doesn’t work – no errors in the console, no errors on page, no spinning loading icons or anything.

If you select “Use a New Card”, the other radio button in Checkout, it does work and shows a popup to enter a new card and will checkout OK.

Any help would be appreciated, since this is breaking checkout for every single customer who tries to repeat purchase!

I am using up-to-date WooCommerce (2.5.5) and WordPress (4.4.2).

Thank You!

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