Setting up a form entry format(?) for specific posts

I’d like to set up a “template” (maybe) for writing posts. Not a template to change the way a post or page is structured (columns, etc) but rather, a way for my editors to input data for a specific post.

We are creating a field guide for local fish. I want to set up a system where they can fill in fields (Name, scientific name, region, description, etc.) in such a way that WP formats that info into consistent posts.

I’m guessing this is covered somewhere, and maybe I’m searching using the wrong terms. Thanks for your help!