I do not believe that such a thing is possible. The closest you could probably get would be to use widgets, but those would be static across the blog and would not change for specific posts or pages.
Sidebars are bound by the content in the Sidebar template or the widgets assigned to it. The Sidebar template is then called to display by another template. It is possible to have multiple sidebar templates and then use custom post templates to call different sidebars, but it’s hardly dynamic (you’d need a sidebar template and a custom post template for each post).
There are plugins out there that allow you to post “mini-posts,” “asides,” or “side-notes” to the sidebar, but these would also be static across the blog.
https://codex.www.ads-software.com/Customizing_Your_Sidebar