FTP is a method of transferring files, for instance between your computer and the hosting space that contains your blog.
But to shorten things, when we say “via FTP”, we mean “using an FTP client”, a program that one uses to connect to one’s hosting space and view the files and/or perform operations on them.
These are programs such as FileZilla.
FTP Clients
Your web host can tell you how to connect to your hosting space, for this you would need your FTP username and FTP password, to feed them into your FTP client, and then it will look like the file explorer in your computer, but it will be the files in another machine, at your web host.
To change file permissions… Look, it’s becoming complicated.
It will depend on which program you use as an FTP client. But to keep it short, you make a right-click on the /wp-includes/ directory in your hosting space (it will be in the default folder containing your wordpress), to view the “properties” of that directory.
And you make sure it’s got the proper “rights”, summarized either with a figure, “0755”, that, it’s the ideal option, it’s simple.
Or with letters, R (for “can Read”), W (for “can Write”, aka edit files and not just view them) or X (for “eXecute”, as if to run a program). For three different groups of people, Owner (you, who is the admin), Group (you, but others too), and Others (the Lizard people). And then in this grid, everyone has R(ead) checked, only the Owner has W(rite) checked, and everybody has (e)X(ecute) checked.
AND: make sure you tick the little checkbox (there’s always one) to make the change you asked apply “recursively”, meaning: not just to the right-clicked directory itself, but to every one of the files and subdirectories inside the directory.