using article post type ?

I think this is probably beyond the remit of this plugin for now, but it should be possible.

It would require looping through recent posts and using the has_post_thumbnail() function to test whether each post has a featured image. If so, output the_post_thumbnail() with the relevant HTML and you’re away… (I think, off the top of my head).

I think you could do something like that with the wp bootstrap carousel plugin and the display posts shortcode plugin.