WP_Query sort by multiple custom fields

Hello @basvandertogt.

I will divide the answer in two parts:

Based on the debug query:

• The orderby clause is indeed missing. This aligns with the issue you’ve described.
• The query structure is consistent with the code you provided. It correctly filters for events and news based on the <code class=””>type and <code class=””>from meta fields.
• The GROUP BY wp_posts.ID clause is likely redundant. It’s usually unnecessary for standard post queries as posts are already unique by ID.

I’ve identified a few potential issues and adjustments in your code:

1. Incorrect orderby Reference:You’re using named clauses in?<code class=””>meta_query,?but you need to reference those same names in?<code class=””>orderby. Change the?<code class=””>orderby?array to:

$orderby = [
    'type_clause' => 'ASC',  // Reference the named clause correctly
    'date' => 'ASC',         // Sort events by date within the 'event_clause'
    'date' => 'DESC',        // Sort news by date within the 'news_clause'
];

2. The?<code class=””>news_clause?condition?<code class=””>[‘value’ => 0, ‘compare’ => ‘>’]?is likely unnecessary as all valid dates should be greater than 0. Consider removing it for efficiency:

'news_clause' => [
    'relation' => 'AND',
    [
        'key' => 'type',
        'value' => 'news',
        'compare' => '='
    ],
    // Remove the condition for 'from'
]

3. Potential Issue with date Field: If the?<code class=””>date?field stores dates as numbers (e.g.,?Unix timestamps),?use?<code class=””>meta_value_num?in?<code class=””>orderby:

$orderby = [
    // ...
    'date' => 'meta_value_num',
];

Here is an updated code (try and see if it works):

add_action('pre_get_posts', function ($query) {
    if (!is_admin() and $query->is_archive('news') and $query->is_main_query()) {
        $meta_query = [];

        $meta_query[] = [
            'relation' => 'OR',
            'event_clause' => [
                'relation' => 'AND',
                [
                    'key' => 'type',
                    'value' => 'event',
                    'compare' => '=',
                ],
                [
                    'key' => 'from',
                    'value' => date('Ymd'),
                    'compare' => '>',
                    'type' => 'DATE'
                ],
            ],
            'news_clause' => [
                'relation' => 'AND',
                [
                    'key' => 'type',
                    'value' => 'news',
                    'compare' => '='
                ],
                // Potentially remove the 'from' condition here
            ]
        ];

        $orderby = [
            'type_clause' => 'ASC',
            'date' => 'ASC',  // For events within 'event_clause'
            'date' => 'DESC', // For news within 'news_clause'
        ];

        $query->set('meta_query', $meta_query);
        $query->set('orderby', $orderby);
    }
});

Kindly it is not a guarantee this will work, and I have worked with the code you provided. Let me know thanks!

I asked an AI assistant it said

Currently, WordPress does not support sorting by multiple meta keys directly using the ‘orderby’ parameter. You can sort by a single meta key, or use a filter to adjust the ‘ORDER BY’ part of the SQL query manually.
A correct setup for sorting by a single meta key would look like:

$orderby = array(
‘meta_key’ => ‘event_clause’,
‘orderby’ => ‘meta_value_num’,
‘order’ => ‘ASC’
);
$query->set(‘orderby’, $orderby);

In this example, the query would be sorted by the numerical value of the event_clause meta key in ascending order.
If you need to sort by multiple meta keys (like your ‘event_clause’ and ‘news_clause’), you would need to make use of the ‘posts_orderby’ hook to modify the SQL query directly.
Using this hook, you can add sorting conditions for additional meta keys to your query. Please keep in mind that directly modifying the query can have implications for security and performance, and thus should be done with care.
Here is an example of how you could use the hook:

add_filter(‘posts_orderby’, function ($orderby_statement) {
$orderby_statement = “wp_postmeta.meta_key = ‘event_clause’ ASC,
wp_postmeta.meta_key = ‘news_clause’ DESC”;
return $orderby_statement;
});

Remember, always validate and escape inputs, and protect your code from SQL injection when altering queries manually.

To add to his response While WordPress doesn’t have a built-in way to sort by multiple meta keys using the orderby parameter, this one of the ways to use:

Sorting by a Single Meta Key: If one meta key takes priority, use <code class=””>meta_key and <code class=””>orderby directly:

$args = array(
    'meta_key' => 'primary_meta_key',
    'orderby' => 'meta_value_num', // For numerical values
    'order' => 'ASC', // Or 'DESC'
);
$query = new WP_Query($args);

I believe this works. Note there are other ways such as <code class=””>posts_orderby filter, the one above is one am conversant with.

• This reply was modified 9 months, 1 week ago by Milimo Emmanuel.
• This reply was modified 9 months, 1 week ago by Milimo Emmanuel.

Some of the code might not show well, there is an issue with the blocks on my side.

Thanks for the replies but none of them is a working solution.

orderby meta_query should be possible since 4.2 see https://make.www.ads-software.com/core/2015/03/30/query-improvements-in-wp-4-2-orderby-and-meta_query/

I think the problem is that there are two different key names used in ‘event_clause’ sub-array. WP doesn’t know which to use for ordering so fails to do anything at all. In any working examples I’ve seen there were always only one key per sub-array.

I recommend using the “posts_orderby” filter to provide the necessary ORDER BY clause using proper MySQL syntax.

Try this:

add_action('pre_get_posts', function ($query) {
    if (!is_admin() and $query->is_archive('news') and $query->is_main_query()) {
        $meta_query = [];

        $meta_query[] = [
            'relation' => 'OR',
            [
                'event_clause' => [
                    'key' => 'type',
                    'value' => 'event',
                    'compare' => '=',
                ],
                'date_clause' => [
                    'key' => 'date',
                    'value' => date('Ymd'),
                    'compare' => '>',
                    'type' => 'DATE'
                ],
            ],
            [
                'news_clause' => [
                    'key' => 'type',
                    'value' => 'news',
                    'compare' => '='
                ],
            ]
        ];

        $orderby = [
            'event_clause' => 'ASC',
            'date_clause' => 'ASC',
            'news_clause' => 'DESC'
        ];

        $query->set('meta_query', $meta_query);
        $query->set('orderby', $orderby);
    }
});

Updated the structure of the meta query to include ‘date_clause’ for events. This will ensure that events are sorted by both ‘type’ and ‘date’. Added ‘date_clause’ to the ‘orderby’ array to sort events by date as well.

This should display upcoming events first in ascending order and then display news in descending order.

Thank you @abretado1985

I have an order by clause now but the ordering is not right yet.

SELECT SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS wp_posts.* FROM wp_posts INNER JOIN wp_postmeta ON ( wp_posts.ID = wp_postmeta.post_id ) INNER JOIN wp_postmeta AS mt1 ON ( wp_posts.ID = mt1.post_id ) INNER JOIN wp_postmeta AS mt2 ON ( wp_posts.ID = mt2.post_id ) WHERE 1=1 AND ( ( ( ( wp_postmeta.meta_key = ‘type’ AND wp_postmeta.meta_value = ‘event’ ) AND ( mt1.meta_key = ‘from’ AND CAST(mt1.meta_value AS DATE) > ‘20240117’ ) ) OR ( ( mt2.meta_key = ‘type’ AND mt2.meta_value = ‘news’ ) ) ) ) AND ((wp_posts.post_type = ‘news’ AND (wp_posts.post_status = ‘publish’ OR wp_posts.post_status = ‘acf-disabled’ OR wp_posts.post_status = ‘archived’ OR wp_posts.post_status = ‘private’))) GROUP BY wp_posts.ID ORDER BY CAST(wp_postmeta.meta_value AS CHAR) ASC, CAST(mt1.meta_value AS DATE) ASC, CAST(mt2.meta_value AS CHAR) DESC LIMIT 0, 100

returns first the news ASC and then events ASC

i want to have first events ASC en then news DESC

• This reply was modified 9 months, 1 week ago by Bas van der Togt.
• This reply was modified 9 months, 1 week ago by Bas van der Togt.
• This reply was modified 9 months, 1 week ago by Bas van der Togt.

Maybe I am not understanding your request. You want to show events in ASC followed by News DESC, as two separate lists? If so, try this:

add_action('pre_get_posts', function ($query) {
    if (!is_admin() && $query->is_archive('news') && $query->is_main_query()) {
        // Disable the main query
        $query->set('posts_per_page', 0);

        // Query for events
        $events_query = new WP_Query([
            'post_type' => 'news',
            'meta_key' => 'type',
            'meta_value' => 'event',
            'orderby' => 'date',
            'order' => 'ASC',
            // Add other necessary arguments
        ]);

        // Query for news
        $news_query = new WP_Query([
            'post_type' => 'news',
            'meta_key' => 'type',
            'meta_value' => 'news',
            'orderby' => 'date',
            'order' => 'DESC',
            // Add other necessary arguments
        ]);

        // Combine results
        $combined_posts = array_merge($events_query->posts, $news_query->posts);

        // Override the main query
        $query->posts = $combined_posts;
        $query->post_count = count($combined_posts);
    }
});

@abretado1985 I need a single query because of pagination.

Its a single post_type named ‘news’. The post type has two acf fields ‘type’ (news/event) and ‘date’. I want to show the upcoming events ASC first and then all news DESC.