Write a row to database table with button or link

When someone clicks a specific button on my page i’m looking to grab a few pieces of data (user name, date/time, URI, etc.) and write a row into a table I created in the wordpress mySQL database.

I can successfully write to my database using this:

<?php
    global $wpdb;

    // Get URL
    $Path=$_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'];
    $URI='https://www.example.com'.$Path;

    // Get Current User
    $user = wp_get_current_user();

    // Inject row into custom_table
    $wpdb->insert(
    'custom_table',
    array(
        'user' => $user->user_login,
        'page' => $URI,
        'vote' => 6,
        'date' => current_time('mysql')),
    array(
        '%s',
        '%s',
        '%d',
        '%s'
    )
);
?>

However I want to turn it into a button.

Can anyone here lead me in the right direction?