Hello Alin,
Thank you so much for your reply. I touched base with my hosting provider, and they checked my Cloudflare settings and didn’t notice any issues that would interfere with the Jetpack plugin. They also cleared my Cloudflare and WordPress caches (as I have done as well) and tried to regenerate the Critical CSS, but to no avail.
I also verified (or thought I did) that the URLs matched.
Lastly, this was all done after I disabled the security headers in Cloudflare. For kicks and giggles, I also tried deactivating my caching plugin. That didn’t work either.
Is it worth trying to reach out to Cloudflare?
Thank you so much for your help! I greatly appreciate it!