I went down the path of WP Forums because of the 404 message I started with and the numerous posts that I found here. It didn’t feel like a theme issue as I have other websites using this theme and none of them have had this problem. This was the only one I stupidly removed the “Hello-world” post and page from.
I’ve since decided to remove WP and start all over again. It’s an interesting challenge, but after hours and hours of research, I gave up.
I’m going to mark this as resolved for now.