Have you tried widgets? Maybe try WP-PageNavi or something like that.
However I have similar problem and it didn’t work for me. I have this website: https://mamterapeute.nazwa.pl/mamterapeute/ and at the bottom of the page I’d like to have option like “older posts” or something like this. This is in “Latest Blog Posts” area and I have no idea how to change it. It shows only maximum 8 posts and I’d like to be able to see the older ones too (I have 11 of them on my page right now). Any ideas?