I took this to WooCommerce Support and they were able to get this from Stripe:
The short of it here is that it is actually required by the card networks for an address/phone number to be passed with each charge — this has to do with the Merchant of Record’s responsibility for customer support / disputes. It is then up to the issuing bank for what they decide to display on the customer’s bank statement. To be clear, the issuing bank decided to add the phone/address (in this case country) information to the statement for the charge— nothing actually changed on our end.
I’d imagine there SHOULD be a way to have two phone numbers, one for Stripe to contact you and one they send out to your customers. This probably isn’t an issue if you’re a large enough (small) business to have a dedicated line.