ok, i have fixed this in my local code by just commenting out some line of codes:
in wp-includes/functions-formatting.php
lines #1056-1059
in wp-admin/admin-functions.php
line #505
also, this lines do not use the same filter for protocols – possible there should be used a configurable option where you can insert allowed protocols or all
at least they are missing some important protocols: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/URI_scheme