Cory, thank you so much for your reply.
After playing around with it some more the last few days, I finally figured out what the issue is. Somehow I ended up downloading the install.php file instead of installer.php and was having issues executing the installation file. I FEEL LIKE SUCH AN IDIOT! But I guess these things happen. I also had the issue where it failed to write to PHP, so I had to change the ownership via command. Works like a charm now.
chown -R www-data:www-data /usr/share/nginx/html
Regardless, thank you for your amazing plugin. It really is one of the best WordPress plugins ever made.