Update: I fixed 1-2, but still need help with 3-5.
FYI – Problem #1 was that the “Asides” function kicked in everytime I tagged an entry with a category that correlated to the default value “2” (in my case, “photogrpahy”). I changed that value and bingo, the posts are back to normal!
Problem #2 was that I had changed the defaulty setting to allow my homepage to show up to 15 posts at a time. When I changed it back to the default value of 10, IE worked properly again.