LastForOne

$found_posts
The total number of posts found matching the current query parameters.
WP_Query

that should do the trick for you.

$recent->found_post something like that then compare the value and depending on result show it or not.

main-navigation doesn’t exist means CSS doesn’t recognize it as a class or ID unless you add a dot(.) or hash(#) in front of it .main-navigation(class) #main-navigation(ID) in CSS and by adding nav.main-navigation you are applying style to <nav> which has a class of .main-navigation
Example:
<nav class='main-navigation'>something</nav>

in your css .main-navigation you’re floating it to right, you can remove the float and add some margin on left to center it.

.nav.site-navigation.main-navigation

here .nav is a css class not the element

try using
nav.site-navigation or nav.main-navigation

care mentioning your site URL to have a look myself to get a better idea.

this is what you’ve
<img src="images/nav.png" width="300" height="83">
Replace it with
<img src="images/nav.png" width="300" height="83" />

you forgot the trailing slash to close the <img> tag.
hope that works.

instead of
<?php wp_nav_menu( array( 'sort_column' => 'menu_order', 'menu_class' => 'nav', 'theme_location' => 'primary-menu' ) ); ?>

use
<?php wp_nav_menu( array( 'sort_column' => 'menu_order', 'menu_class' => 'navigation', 'theme_location' => 'header-menu' ) ); ?>

hit me up if it doesnt work.

Few simple tweaks should do the trick, edit the style.css file of your theme search for #header change padding from 20px to 15px do same with #primary-nav it has a margin of 8px change it to 15px.

This is what it should look like after editing:

#header {
    background: #fff;
    font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;
    padding: 15px 13px; /* old value 20px 20px 13px */
}
#primary-nav {
    float: right;
    height: 35px;
    margin-top: 15px; /* old Value 8px */
}

Edit: Well WPyogi beats me by 5mins i was still busy writing the reply;

Peace,
LastForOne

I doubt you’ll find anything Free that fits your needs unless you hire a developer to especially design it for you, anyways here’s a premium plugin that can do what you’re looking for @ CodeCanyon

Goodluck,
LastForOne

you can use admin_footer_text hook to acomplish that here’s an example code from my last work.

// Custom Backend Footer
function luna_custom_admin_footer() {
	_e('<span id="footer-thankyou">Theme Designed by <strong>LastForOne</strong> | Powered By <a href="https://www.ads-software.com">WordPress</a></span>.', 'lunatheme');
}

// adding it to the admin area
add_filter('admin_footer_text', 'luna_custom_admin_footer');

just use #john in href instead of john because if you specify url=john it will take the root url of your blog (example.com) and add the john after a trailing slash (example.com/john)

Peace,
LastForOne

declare another sidebar in function.php and call it before content give it width of 240px and then you can get rid of 240px padding on content, sidebar will automatically push content to center make sure you give some margins.

LastForOne

first of all i’d recommend you to use classes/ids instead of inline styling, for example you can define a class .left{ float: left; } and float any element to the left by applying that class EG: <div class='left'>go left</div> that will save you a lot of time going back and forth aligning the elements and you can use margin:0 auto; which is equal to (top & bottom 0; left and right auto;)

Goodluck,
LastForOne

yes you can, for example move your wordpress to yourdomain.com/blog where blog is the directory then follow the steps in this post to get your blog back up and running @ https://codex.www.ads-software.com/Changing_The_Site_URL and i’d recommend editing function.php instead of wp-config.php.

Goodluck,
LastForOne

add_theme_support( 'post-thumbnails' ); this is what you need to include in your function.php to enable post-thumbails, and go through the esmi’s link for more info on how to retrieve and show the thumbnails.