I didn’t log-in for a few days because I needed a break from my broken WP editor. Guess what happened when I logged in today! The text was there in black font inside my visual editor along with all the editing buttons!
Thanks for your replies guys! I hope my troubleshooting list up there could also do some good for those who stumble upon the same problem. I’m not sure which one fixed it for me, but surely one of them did.
Dhubra, in case you’re still curious, activated plug-ins are:
Easy Contact Forms
Jetpack
Google Libraries
Mailchimp
White Label CMS