From what I can tell, this turned out to be a problem with GoDaddy hosting services. They were applying a 302 Redirect Filter to the server that was hosting my domain and it caused the problems. After I emailed them a few times they finally fixed it. Try googling “GoDaddy 302 Redirect Problem” and you will see lots of other posts!
If you are not getting the 302 problem, but just have trouble getting the image or description to appear when you share a link on Facebook, you can use one of the WP plugins for Open Graph data like Simple Facebook Connect or Facebook Open Graph Meta in WordPress and that should fix it!
