Ok I found how to make this.
In file mediaelement-js-wp.php :
Replace :
// captions
'captions' => '',
'captionslang' => 'en'
by :
// captions
'captions' => '',
'captionsdefault' => '',
'captionslang' => 'en'
Add :
if ($captionsdefault) {
$captionsdefault_source = 'startLanguage: "'.$captionsdefault.'"';
}
Replace :
{$loop_option}
{$controls_option}
{$audio_size}
By :
{$loop_option}
{$controls_option}
{$audio_size}
,{$captionsdefault_source}
Now, you can use the new tag captionsdefault like this :
[video src="XXX" captions="XXX" captionslang="fr" captionsdefault="fr"]