In the meantime, I worked with my hosting support to make sure there are no restrictions on the server side. Everything is ok there and I can also attach big files to my emails.
I removed all the other plugins outside WC Catalog Enquiry, Woocommerce and WP Mail SMTP and reverted back to Twenty twenty default theme.
I have also tried with other SMTP plugins and also tried sending with a Sendinblue account configured, instead of my own SMTP.
Nothing works!
If I send the form without an attachment, it works.
If I send the form with an attachement of maximum 1 MB, it works.
If I try to send the form with an attachement bigger than 1 MB, it doesn’t send the mail AT ALL.
Please provide some help!