Same problem. I was unable to get into the dashboard on Firefox, my primary browser, and could only get in on IE. Note I have two different systems and both behaved the same. On one system I cleared Firefox’s cache. No luck. After two days (the latency might have fixed it) I went to my main page and under site admin, my theme has it, there was a logout link.
Upon logging out in firefox, I was able to login!
It appears that if one upgrades while a session is still active, that session state is stored in WP database(?). From here on out I will logout before upgrading again!