I get the same issue when trying to update the settings in the customiser.
An example of the full response from admin-ajax.php
is this:
{"success":false,"data":{"message":"","code":"changeset_post_save_failure","setting_validities":{"blogdescription":true},"changeset_post_save_failure":"db_insert_error"}}
The database user has full permissions and has no problem updating things like posts or other areas of the site.
Anyone have any ideas?