I updated the app and even recreated my form but no luck. In the end I had to change the email functions of my site (I installed the suggested app and followed the straightforward walkthrough for setting up Gmail) and that got it to work that way.
It’s just bizarre to me that I had to do all of this because up until the last week or two, the send form to email had been working perfectly fine. Nothing about my server or host had been changed in the time since.