I did some debugging an found that WPSEO_OpenGraph in class-opengraph.php calling the parent WPSEO_Frontend to fetch the metadesc but they dont have the config settings properly setup in WPSEO_OpenGraph.
In short, I edit the code in frontend/class-opengraph.php on line 32 from:
$this->options = get_option( 'wpseo_social' );
to:
$this->options = array_merge( get_wpseo_options(), get_option( 'wpseo_social' ) );
and now it works for me. But I don’t if it is the proper solution.